脂質・脂肪酸フォーラム

#1〜#49

1.スタチン:誰が服用し、副作用は何か?他 (英国テレグラフ記事2 つ、2011年1月20日):日本語訳付き[PDF] (なお翻訳等の掲載は新聞社からの許可を得ている)/2011.02.25

2. DHA の代謝物と網膜症防止、 他:関連論文3つの紹介。[PDF] / 2011.02.28

3. 3月のオメガ3脂肪酸関 連情報[PDF] (Global Summit 他)。/ 2011.03.10

4. 「健全な農業、健全な栄養、健全な人々のための 行動計画」が発表される。/ 2011.04.27
Action Plan原文(PDF)[PDF] 、Action Plan(翻訳版; PDF)[PDF]「行動計画」が決定された国際会議(2010.10.5-8, Greece)の概要へのリンク[PDF]World Rev. Nutr. Diet誌 へのリンク[LINK]関連論文("A Balanced Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio, Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease" by Simopolus A.P. and De Meester, F. ,eds.)へのリンク[LINK]

5. 「長寿GL」のご意見募集ページから受け付けたご意見に対する回答ページがあります。そこに(#5)、産業医学ジャーナル誌の論壇(Vol33,No.6)に載った上島先生の論文[PDF] と、それに対する大櫛先生他2名の著者による反論の論文[PDF] (Vol.34,No.3)が掲載されました。/2011.05.13

6. 第2回精神栄養研究会のご案内:日時・2011年10月29日(土)18時30分〜20時30分、場所・ホテルラフォーレ東京(品川区)、参加費・1000円、(代表世話人・浜崎智仁;事務局Email/fishoil@live.jp)、基調講演「精神科におけるNST-抗精神病薬の影響も考慮したチーム医療で行う栄養ケア-」、特別講演「栄養素および食パターンと抑うつに関する職域疫学研究」。 /2011.09.20

7. Medscape[LINK] のニュースより: /2011.09.20

他の関連ニュース:

8. Essayof Dr. Stephanie Seneff[LINK], "How statins really work explains why they don't really work. (2011.3.11)" 心臓病におけるCholesterol sulfate という新しい視点の提供。3.11に発表されたエッセイだが、あの3.11のような激震になるのか?/2011.11.4

9. Scientific American[LINK] 誌(2011年11月号)に”Cholesterol Conundrum”(コレステロールの謎;By Francie Diep | October 25, 2011 |)という記事が掲載。副題は、"Changing HDL and LDL levels does not always alter heart disease or stroke risk" である。 /2011.11.4

10. Editorial論文 "The Cholesterol hypothesis: Time for the obituary?" が、Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal ( 2011; 45: 322--323) 誌に載っています。PDFファイルはここから。[PDF] (浜崎先生より:「コレステロール理論に批判的雑誌にScand Cariovasc J がありますが、そのEditorialです。コレステロールが低くなった人の方が心血管系疾患による死亡率も総死亡率も高くなるとの昔のフラミンガム・スタディー(JAMA.1987;257:2176--80.[LINK])が出ています。脂質栄養学会の雑誌(J Lipid Nutr)も引用されています。White Coat, Black Hat[LINK] (Carl Elliot)は最近出た本のようです。」)/2011.11.16

11. USA-Today紙他にも、「11 歳までのすべての子供にコレステロール検査を」という新しいガイドライン(froman expert panel appointed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics.)の発表が紹介されています(米国)。/2011.11.17
USA-Today紙記事[LINK]TheWall Street Journal紙記事[LINK]
元のPediatrics 誌論文[LINK]にリンク

12. 2011年9月にNCEP-ATP(TheNational Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel )から心血管障害に対するバイオマーカーについてのアドバイスが発表されました。http://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874%2811%2900672-6/abstract[LINK]
あるいは、http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1933287411006726[LINK] からでも読めます。Abstractから抜書きすると、This report describes the consensus view of an expert panel convened by the National Lipid Association to evaluate the use of selected biomarkers [C-reactive protein,lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, apolipoprotein B,LDL particle concentration,lipoprotein(a), and LDL and HDL subfractions] to improve risk assessment, or to adjust therapy.とあります。LDL-Pが正面に出てきました。それからこんな文章も「The use of lipid-loweringtherapies,particularly statins, to achieve these goals has reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; however, significant residual risk for events remains. 」出ています。低コレステロール療法の大元締めであるNCEP-ATPも、総コレステロールやLDL-Cを下げてもよく見積もって2割程度しか効果がない、ということを認めた、ということでしょうか。 /2011.12.01

13. ピッツバーグ大学の研究者が、「Eatingfish reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease」という論文[LINK]を発表(Released: November 30,2011)。新聞などでも取り上げられています。魚のフライではダメで、焼いた魚を食べると、脳の幾つかの部位の容積が増えていることがMRIで測定されたそうです。 /2011.12.08

14. “コレステロール低下医療問題、声を上げよう”と、コレステロール論争に関心を持たれたお医者さんたち(「隠居組」)が、脂質栄養学会の「長寿のためのコレステロールガイドライン2010」 提言に賛同され、新しい広報の場としてホー ムページ[LINK]を立ち上げら れています。 /2012.01.16 --> 2014.07.04 リンク改訂

15. マサチューセッツ大学医学部の研究者らが、「StatinUse and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative[LINK]という論文を発表しました。こ の論文へのコメントも出されていますのでここに載せています[PDF] 。スタチンを閉経後の女性に使うと48%も糖尿病になるリスクが上がるというのはやはり無視できません。日本ではたくさんの女性に処方されていますから。 /2012.01.19

16. DHAは、 脳神経系と生殖細胞(精子等) に多く存在しますが、精子が受精するときには、ある構造体(先体)の形成が必要ですが、その時小胞の融合が重要です。そ して、その小胞の融合にDHAが必要である、ということをイリノイ大学の研究者らが発表しています。要旨はここ[LINK]から。(昔、脳のシナプス小胞の代謝にDHAなど脂肪酸が重要な役割をしていることを発表しましたが、精子においても小胞の代謝に関与するとなると、似た様な原理が働いているのかもしれません。 吉田) /2012.01.19

17. 新聞報道で、「肥満の原因遺伝子発見」という報道[LINK]があり、GPR120というタンパク質の紹介がなされましたが(追記:論文は、Ichimura A, et al. Nature, 483, 350--354 (15 March 2012)[LINK])、このタンパク質はオメガ3系脂肪酸の受容体になっていることが既に報告されています[LINK]。(Cell. 2010 September 3; 142(5): 687--698. [LINK])/2012.02.20

18. LDL-C動脈硬化との関係について、新しい研究Bogalusa Heart Studyが 発表されて、「low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) do not contribute significantly to the development of carotid or femoral atherosclerosis」が、さらに明らかにされました。ここにMedscapeサイトから引用した、著者へのインタビューの一部をまとめました[PDF] 。 /2012.02.23

19. 脂質栄養と精神神経疾患(うつ病など)との関係についての最近の研究:(the risk for depression; dietary intake of trans fats and depression risk; linked to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.)

  • Sa'nchez-Villegas A, Verberne L, De Irala J, et al. Dietary fat intake and the risk of depression: the SUN project.PLoSOne.2011;6:e16268[LINK].
  • Sa'nchez-Villegas A, Toledo E, de Irala J, Ruiz-Canela M, Pla-Vidal J,Marti'nez-Gonza'lez MA. Fast-food and commercial baked goods consumption and the risk of depression.PublicHealth Nutr. 2012;15:424-432.[LINK]
  • Yaemsiri S, Sen S, Tinker L, et al. Dietary fat intake and incidence of ischemic stroke in postmenopausal US women: the Womens Health Initiative. Stroke. 2010;41:e200-e253.
  • Millichap JG, Yee MM. The diet factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2012;129:330-337.[LINK]

20. FDAがスタチン薬の注意書きラベルの変更を指示しました。「U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Important safety label changes to cholesterol-lowering statin drugs. 2012. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm293101.htm[LINK] Accessed March 5, 2012.」
これに対するMedScape ニュースサイト[LINK]からの引用。「First, all statins must now carry a warning noting that there have been reports of increased blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) levels with statin use.Additionally, labels must include new information on the potential for usually mild and reversible cognitive side effects.Finally, the labels of certain statins as well as protease inhibitors for HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) will now warn about interactions between the 2 sets of drugs that could increase the risk for myopathy and kidney failure.

21. (A)栄養状態と情緒障害についての論文:Can J Psychiatry. 2012;57:85-92. Better Nutrient Intake May Improve Symptoms of Mood Disorders.[LINK] [Clinical Context: According to the current study by Davison and Kaplan,recent studies have reported consistent associations between dietary patterns and symptoms of anxiety and depression. For example, decreasing adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern was associated with increasing likelihood of depression or anxiety. Greater anti-inflammatory or antioxidant activity of some diets may protect against mood disorders. This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling adults with mood disorders examines the link between nutrient intake and mood.]
(B) チョコレート摂取とBMI値の低下との関係の論文:Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(6):519-521. Association Between More Frequent Chocolate Consumption and Lower Body Mass Index.[LINK] [Clinical Context: Chocolate appears to have a beneficial role in blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, according to Grassi and colleagues in the March 2005 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, and in cholesterol levels, according to Allen and colleagues in the April 2008 issue of the Journal of Nutrition. However, the benefit of chocolate intake might be offset by the caloric intake. This cross-sectional study by Golomb and colleagues assesses whether the frequency of chocolate intake is associated with body mass index (BMI).]

22. ガンの検査(検診)を受けた人は、自殺および心臓病死のリスクが上がるとの報告がNEJMに載っています。http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1110307[LINK]
15年の期間600万人の大規模調査の結果です。診断そのものが被験者に及ぼす心理的影響は無視できないということでしょう。/2012.04.24

23. Omega-3系脂肪酸の心血管障害2次予防効果に関する論文が出ています。韓国のグループによるメタ解析。AIM誌。
http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/archinternmed.2012.262v1[LINK]
結論的に言っていること:「Our meta-analysis showed insufficient evidence of a secondary preventive effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplements against overall cardiovascular events among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.」(これだけ薬物治療を受けている患者に対して2年ぐらいのω3脂肪酸の投与が効果があるとは思えないので、そんなもんかという印象。YS)
この研究に対するDr.J.E. Manson(ハーバード大学)のコメント[LINK]:「--because all of these trials were secondary-prevention high-risk studies, many of the participants were taking other medications, such as statins, aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,beta-blockers, and medications that may have interfered with the ability to detect a moderate benefit from omega-3s. This is why it is particularly important that randomized trials of omega-3s be done in primary-prevention trials, with average-risk populations.」 /2012.04.25

24. スタチン薬と認知障害に関するメタ解析論文。AP誌。http://www.theannals.com/content/46/4/549.abstract[LINK]
著者によるSummary[LINK]: 「At this time there is insufficient evidence to confidently conclude that statins can cause or contribute to clinically meaningful cognitive impairment. ・・・・The aforementioned facts notwithstanding, if statin-associated cognitive impairment is suspected, confounding factors,such as concomitant medications, medical conditions, or risk factors for cognitive impairment, should first be assessed. If the statin is still suspected, a trial withdrawal period of 1--3 months is recommended and the patient can be reassessed for symptom resolution. Switching to a hydrophilic agent (eg, pravastatin or rosuvastatin) may be an option for patients who experience cognitive adverse effects while receiving a lipophilic statin. Other lipid-lowering agents may also be considered as viable alternatives in persistent statin-associated cognitive impairment. 」 /2012.05.02

25. 血液透析における障害を魚油が緩和する。JAMA誌。http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1150094[LINK]
「Effect of Fish Oil Supplementation on Graft Patency and Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With New Synthetic Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Grafts.A Randomized Controlled Trial」 Lok, C.E. et al.JAMA. 2012;307(17):1809-1816.
Conclusions Among patients with new hemodialysis grafts, daily fish oil ingestion did not decrease the proportion of grafts with loss of native patency within 12 months. Although fish oil improved some relevant secondary outcomes such as graft patency, rates of thrombosis,and interventions, other potential benefits on cardiovascular events require confirmation in future studies. 血栓のできやすさなどが半減するようです。 /2012.05.30

26. CHDとHDL-cholesterol、高ければいいとは限らない。JAHA誌。http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/1/2/jah3-e000232.abstract[LINK]
Journal of the American Heart Association. 2012; 1:jah3-e000232;Apolipoprotein C-III as a Potential Modulator of the Association Between HDL-Cholesterol and Incident Coronary Heart Disease、Majken K. et al.Conclusions Separating HDL-C according to apoC-III identified two types of HDL with opposing associations with risk of CHD. これもコレステロールよりもApoC-IIIのほうがproatherogenicである、ということを示している。 /2012.06.04

27. 動脈硬化学会の「動脈硬化性疾患予防ガイドライン2012年版」が出版されました。[LINK] (要約はまだ見れません) /2012.06.29

28. FDAに認可された糖尿病診断の新しい技術iBG*Star[LINK]:自己血のモニタリング(SMBG)で、Dynamic Electrochemistry[LINK]技術を使って血糖値を出し、それをスマートフォン(iPhone)のアプリを使って表示し、データは医療機関とShareすることが出来るという方法。
一方で、SMBGは、患者の生活の改良にあまり役立っていないのでないか、という報告[LINK]も出ています(コクランライブラリィより)。 /2012.07.04

29. Medscape Week in Review より。(ビタミンD 関連情報) /2012.07.10
Increasing Dietary Vitamin D Intake Could Prevent Stroke[LINK]
The honolulu Heart Program (Stroke の論文[LINK]):
Low dietary vitamin D intake is an independent risk factor for the overall incidence of stroke during long-term follow-up in Japanese American men. Low dietary vitamin D intake is an independent risk factor for the incidence of thromboembolic stroke but not hemorrhagic stroke.
Vitamin D With Calcium Decreases Mortality Risk in Older People[LINK]
J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. Published online May 17, 2012. Abstract[LINK]:Vitamin D with calcium reduced mortality in the elderly, but vitamin D alone did not.
Higher Vitamin D Levels Linked With Less Weight Gain in Older Women[LINK]
J Womens Health. Published online June 25, 2012. Abstract:[LINK]

30. ω3脂肪酸+ビタミンAは網膜色素変性症での視力喪失を遅らせる効果がある。 /2012.07.17
J.Ophthalmol.2012;130(6):707-711.[LINK] Conclusions We conclude that mean annual rates of decline in distance and retinal visual acuities in adults with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A,15 000 IU/d, are slower over 4 to 6 years among those consuming a diet rich in ω-3 fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is the first report that nutritional intake can modify the rate of decline of visual acuity in retinitis pigmentosa.

31. Fish oils for the prevention of dementia in older people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD005379. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005379.pub3[LINK]
"In fact, in all of the studies cited, there was not sufficient decline in the placebo-treated group to permit a conclusion about whether omega-3s slow cognitive decline," Dr. Quinn added.:という批判あり。3つの試験をまとめたもので、その期間は半年から2年程度(1つは3年と4ヶ月の試験もあるがマーガリンにDHA/EPA を入れた試験)であり、認知症予防の試験としては短い。そのため、プラセボ群でもその期間では認知力の低下は殆ど見られなかった、という結果。これでは差がでないというのは当然かもしれない。(吉田) /2012.07.18

32. Foods high in omega-3sare linked to lower blood levels of beta-amyloid.
Gu Y, Schupf N, Cosentino SA, Luchsinger JA, Scarmeas N. Nutrient intake and plasma beta-amyloid. Neurology.2012;78:1832-1840[LINK]. Epub 2012 May 2. This study from the National Institute of Aging looked at more than 1200 dementia-free patients over age 65. Researchers evaluated dietary intake, looking specifically at 10 nutrients. Only omega-3 fatty acid intake seemed to make a difference. /2012.07.20

33. Ceramides in Blood May Signal Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Neurology. Published online July 18, 2012. Abstract[LINK]
Women with the highest levels of ceramides had a 10-fold higher risk of developing Alzheimer's compared with those with the lowest levels, said Michelle M. Mielke, PhD. The study found that higher baseline serum ceramides were associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Higher levels of sphingomyelins were not linked to increased Alzheimer's disease risk. However, women in the middle tertile of serum ceramide levels had the highest risk for Alzheimer's versus those in the lowest tertile, with an intermediate increased risk seen among those in the highest tertile. This might indicate a threshold effect for the ceramides, so it may be that instead of high levels being a risk factor, low levels are protective./2012.07.27

34. FDA Approves EPA-Only Omega-3 PUFA Capsule for High TG. Amarin announcement[LINK].
MedScape note[LINK]: FDA approved a patented synthetic ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), icosapent ethyl (Vascepa,formerly AMR101, Amarin) . Vascepa is a purified marine-oil preparation of consisting of "not less than 96%" EPA, Amarin notes in its literature. It doesn't contain significant amounts of the other active omega-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), that is a major component of nonprescription fish-oil capsules and Lovaza (GlaxoSmithKline), which the FDA approved years ago. It is based primarily on efficacy and safety data from the 12-week, phase 3 MARINE[LINK] trial. Amarin recently launched another randomized trial, called Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with EPA--Intervention Trial[LINK] (REDUCE-IT), in which Vascepa is added to statin therapy in "high-risk" patients with both elevated triglycerides and either coronary artery disease or CAD risk factors. Its primary end point includes cardiovascular events.(やはりちゃんと臨床的アウトカムを見るべきである) /2012.08.01

35. National Lipid Association 2012[LINK] の話題から。Experts insight.[LINK] 1.Challenges in Statin Adherence and Persistence: The Statin USAGE Survey[LINK](スタチンを飲み続ける人が減るのは副作用のせいであろう);2.Focus on PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies[LINK](新しい標的分子のPCSK9、これは細胞のLDL-C取り込みを増やす療法である);3.Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy in the Management of Dyslipidemia[LINK] (ApoB100に対するアンチセンス療法)。 /2012.08.07

36. Dyslipidemia and blood-brain barrier integrity in Alzheimer's disease.Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res.[LINK] 2012;2012:184042. Epub 2012 May 13. Conclusion. Dyslipidemia is more prevalent in AD subjects with BBB impairment. Plasma triglyceride andHDL cholesterol may have a role in maintaining BBB integrity in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. さらに、「Perhaps a dietary pattern or supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs and niacin would offer one strategy, since they favorably modify triglyceride and HDL cholesterol metabolism」 (アルツハイマー病に対してはスタチンは効果がないことは知られているが、BBBがちゃんとしているかどうか、という観点からω3脂肪酸の効果や脂質異常症の影響などを見て行ったほうがいい、という主張) /2012.08.08

37. ABO Blood Type Is a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease. He M, Wolpin B, Rexrode K, et al. ABO blood group and risk of coronary heart disease in two prospective cohort studies.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2314-2320.[LINK]
Age-Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI) for Coronary Disease by ABO Blood Type

CohortBlood group OBlood group ABlood group BBlood group AB
Combined NHS and HPFS1.01.05 (0.98--1.13)1.11 (1.01--1.23)1.23 (1.10--1.37)

(AB型の血液型の人のHR=1.23というのは結構あるのかもしれない。米国での話だが、日本でもニュース[LINK]になっている。病気と血液型の関係は色々知られているが、O型は梅毒や呼吸器疾患には強いが、AB型は梅毒や喘息に弱い、などという話。ただし、O型は消化器潰瘍に弱いらしい。) /2012.08.22

38. Too Much Red Meat Ups Stroke Risk. Kaluza J., et al. Stroke, July 31, 2012.[LINK] The largest meta-analysis to date.
Relative Risk of Red Meat Consumption and Total Stroke Risk

Relative Risk95% Confidence Interval
Fresh red meat1.111.03 - 1.20
Processed meat1.131.03 - 1.24
Total red meat1.111.06 - 1.16

(The relative risk reduction for total stroke, again identified by Bernstein and coworkers per single serving of poultry a day, was 0.77. "It's not just the saturated fat content of red meat that contributes to stroke risk, it may also be the heme iron in red meat," Dr. Bernstein observed. "So simply using low-fat meat products may not confer a health benefit either.")(赤い肉摂取と脳卒中との関係では以前は飽和脂肪酸の影響ばかり強調されたが、むしろヘム鉄の影響のほうが問題なのかもしれない。鶏肉が良い(RR=0.77)というのはヘム鉄が少ないからかも。因みに鶏肉の飽和脂肪酸量は約3〜4%だが牛肉(和牛)のかた(脂身なし)では4〜5%、サーロイン(脂身なし)では9〜10%が飽和脂肪酸である。) /2012.08.28

39. Vascular Calcification Is Increased With Statin Use. Diabetes Care, August 8, 2012.[LINK]
Conclusion: More frequent statin use is associated with accelerated coronary artery calcification in T2DM patients with advanced atherosclerosis.糖尿病患者の冠動脈石灰化はスタチンで進む。 /2012.09.03

40. Starving and Longevity: Any Connection? Nature (2012)[LINK]
The Wisconsin monkeys' diet had seven times the table sugar (28% of calories,like Americans' diets) as the NIA's (4%). The Wisconsin control monkeys also ate however much they wished; the NIA control monkeys ate a fixed amount and, as a result, weighed less.マカクサルでのカロリー制限は寿命を延ばさない。NIAとWisconsinの実験の違いは,Wisconsin実験でのControlの栄養状態が悪いこと。 /2012.09.03

41. Chocolate Reduces Stroke Risk in Men. Neurology (2012)[LINK] After adjustment for several factors, including age,education, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, aspirin use,history of hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, high chocolate consumption was associated with a statistically significant lower risk for total stroke.Compared with men in the lowest quartile of consumption (0 g/week), those in the highest category (62.9 g/week)had a reduced risk for stroke of 17%.Results were similar for cerebral infarction and for hemorrhagic stroke. (小さなドレミチョコ2個で10 gなので,毎日3個平日に5日間食べると75 g/weekになる。フラボノイドの効果を普通は強調するのだろうが,それほど単純ではないはず。チョコレートの種類によって成分は結構違う。上記21番Bの話題にはBMIとの関連の報告があるし、昔からチョコの効用の報告は多い。) /2012.09.03

42. Fish Oil Does Not Prevent Early Allergies in Infants.Pediatrics (Sept., 2012)[LINK]
Limitations included nonadherence. Sixty-two participants withdrew before the end of the study and/or did not wish to attend clinical visits. Of participants who withdrew, 18.3% were in the fish oil group compared with 10.9% in the placebo group (P = .031). In addition, despite the relatively high doses of n-3 PUFA used in the study, levels recorded in the infants only show a modest increase, suggesting issues with bioavailability and absorption of the ethyl ester supplements. Finally, olive oil may not have been the optimal control choice, as it has some immunomodulatory effects.(生まれてから6ヶ月まで魚油を多く摂取させても12ヶ月までの観察ではアレルギー症状は良くならない。以前には6ヶ月以降の魚油摂取でアレルギーは良くならないという報告はあった。妊娠時のn-3脂肪酸レベルはProtectiveであるという報告は多くあるので,生まれる前に既にアレルギーの進行状態は決定されているのかも。ただ,試験上の問題として,n-3PUFAエチルエステルが幼児では利用率や吸収が悪いのでは?とか,コントロールで使ったオリーブ油には免疫機能に影響する効果があるので比較として使うのは良くないのでは?という疑問は残る。) /2012.09.05

43. 消費者庁で発表された「食品の機能性評価モデル事業」の結果報告(平成24年4月25日)でω3脂肪酸に高評価
結果報告のPDFはここから。[LINK] 11成分のうちω3脂肪酸の評価が高く,心血管疾患リスク低減,血中中性脂肪低下作用,関節リウマチ症状緩和,の3項目でA評価。 /2012.09.10

44. Endocrine Society Issues Hypertriglyceridemia Guidelines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97(9): 2969-2989[LINK].
MedScapeのまとめの一部:
*The diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia be made on fasting triglyceride levels and not nonfasting levels.
*Dietary fat and simple-carbohydrate consumption be reduced in combination with drug therapy to lower the risk of pancreatitis for patients with severe and very severe hypertriglyceridemia.
*Fibrates be used as a first-line drug to reduce triglycerides in patients at risk of triglyceride-induced pancreatitis.
*Fibrates, niacin, or omega-3 fatty acids be used alone or in combination with statins in patients with moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia.
*And finally, statins should not be used as monotherapy in patients with severe or very severe hypertriglyceridemia.
(スタチンは単独で高トリグリセリド血症には使ってはいけない。数年前まで日本でもスタチンがこの治療に使われていた。ほとんど治らなかったが。。。) /2012.09.14

45. Discontinuation of statins improved cognition in individuals with Alzheimer's dementia. Padala KP, et al., Am J GeriatrPharmacother. 2012 Aug 22. [LINK]スタチンを止めると認知症の指標MMSEが良くなり,再びスタチンを与えると悪くなるというパイロットスタディ。
上記の24番と36番にもありますが,スタチン薬がアルツハイマー病に効果があるかどうかは,まだ明確ではありませんが,2012年になって発表されたコクランレビューとFDAからスタチン薬は認知症には効かないどころか記憶喪失を起こすという報告がでています。
(McGuinness B,O'Hare J, Craig D, Bullock R, Malouf R, Passmore Pet al. Cochrane review on 'Statins for the treatment of dementia'. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2012 Apr 2. ; FDA Drug Safety Communication: important safety label changes to cholesterol-lowering statin drugs http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm293101.htm[LINK] Accessed April 20, 2012)

46. AOCS brief より (9/12):"Flawed" study labels omega-3 fatty acid supplements ineffective[LINK]
Taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements does not reduce the risk of heart attack,stroke, cardiac or sudden death or all-cause mortality by a statistically significant amount, according to a JAMA study[LINK] of about 70,000 people. However, the executive director of Global Organization for EPA and DHA said the design of the study was "flawed" and that recommendations against taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements, such as fish oil pills, could harm public health. コメントGOED より[PDF] ;このJAMAの論文は,上記23番のメタ解析とほぼ同じ。コメントには「メタ解析では少なくとも2年以上の期間ω3油を1日1〜2g以上摂取という条件で行われている論文を使うべきだ。」としている。 /2012.09.25

47. (1) Soda Intake May Increase Risk for Stroke. The study was published online[LINK] April 4 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. "A new analysis from the Nurses' Health Study provides more evidence that drinking sugar-sweetened and low-calorie soda may raise the risk for stroke, independent of established dietary and nondietary cardiovascular risk factors." "Fructose from sodas can increase serum levels of uric acid, which in turn reduces levels of endothelial nitric oxide and increases blood pressure. Sugar-sweetened sodas have been associated with a higher risk for cardiometabolic outcomes, and this effect appears to be independent of body mass index and energy intake.Low-calorie sodas have been associated with the progression of kidney disease but are not definitively associated with a higher risk for incident diabetes."
(2)The toxic truth about sugar. Nature 482, 27--29 (02 February 2012) [LINK] doi:10.1038/482027a. SUMMARY Sugar consumption is linked to a rise in non-communicable disease.Sugar's effects on the body can be similar to those of alcohol.Regulation could include tax, limiting sales during school hours and placing age limits on purchase. /2012.10.16

48. N-3系脂肪酸のメリットOmega-3 fatty acids, oxidative stress, and leukocyte telomere length: A randomized controlled trial. Brain.Behav. Immun.[LINK] Available online 23 September 2012,"The data suggest that lower n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios can impact cell aging. The triad of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune cell aging represents important pre-disease mechanisms that may be ameliorated through nutritional interventions. This translational research broadens our understanding of the potential impact of the n-6:n-3 PUFA balance." /2012.10.18

49. Impressive Antihypertensive Effect With Flaxseed.MedScape news より[LINK]。Adding flaxseed to the diets of patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) resulted in large drops in blood pressure (BP) of around 10 mm Hg systolic and 7 mm Hg diastolic after six months, according to the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (p=0.04 for SBP and p=0.004 for DBP). Flaxseed has different components, including alpha-linolenic acid,enterolignans, and fiber, and all have been shown to decrease BP. We think we are seeing a synergistic effect of different compounds. アマ種子を食べると高血圧が治るAHA2012 Science session より。 /2012.11.13